University of Isfahan Journal of Urban - Regional Studies and Research 2008-5354 3 11 2012 01 21 Analyzing reasons of migrant sending in small cities (case study Gheidar) Analyzing reasons of migrant sending in small cities (case study Gheidar) 119 138 20005 FA E. Nasiri E. Nasiri Journal Article 2016 06 14   Analyzing reasons of migrant sending in small cities (case study Gheidar)       E. Nasiri ( * )   Assistant Professor of Geography and Urban Planning, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran   e-mail: esmael.nasiri@yahoo.com   Received: 11 September 2010 / Accepted: 14 June 2011, 27-30 P           Extended abstract   1-Introduction   In Iran with development in industrial and financial infrastractures, profitable activities in large cities have conducted and made these cities main centers of wage-earner labor force and so migration from small cities to large cities has increased through interaction urbanization and migration.Consequently, population balance between small cities and large cities have been deranged.   Migration is mainly influenced by lack of suitable economic infrastructures and underlined services in these small cities and also expectation better employement and pay and health/ educational/ convenience services in big cities.   Migration from small cities is one of the most important subjects in third world. This type of migration shows lack of balance in urban settlement complex and also inequalities of development in urban societies.     2- Theoretical Bases   In the most of early reaserches about impact of migration, economical, social, cultural, geographical and communicational factors are emphasized abstractly. Nowadays, there is a consensus on influence of variety of factors on migration.   In most of developing country, the large cities have high levels economic, social services and this has made small cities pheripheral spaces. There are different approaches about reasons of migration.According to Lee theory, factors of pulls and repulsive are very important motives to migration, pulls factors is concerned with purpose and repulsive factors with origin.     3-Discussion   To deep understanding reasons of migrant sending in small cities, in this analysis migration in one of the cities of Zanjan Province, Gheidar has been examined.   Small city of Gheidar, despite of potentials, due to lack of possibilites and social and economic infrastructures act such as migrant sending center. The researches have done by using of analytical-describtive method with identifying effective factors on migrant sending in Gheidar. Research data is mainly collected by field method (survey, questionnaire, and interview).Questionnares perpeturity is achieved %88 by calculating Kronbakh Alfa coefficient that indicates squre questiones’s high internal parallelism. After data gathering spss software is used to analyze them.   In this research in order to recognize backgrounds of Gheidar’s migrant sending, two categories of external and internal factors are evaluated.     4-conclusion   One of the important and principal components of migration is quality of life. In this research in order to recognize backgrounds of Gheidar’s migrant sending to Zanjan, we identified and evaluated two categories of external and internal factors. Results show the background of migrant sending in Gheidar is a social, cultural and economical behavior The available data has been analyzed and the conclusion is that economic, social and cultural factors are important for migration .   In fact, questionnaires results of 400 family head man who migrated from Gheidar showed that although economic factors influence on forming migration incentive but there is a meaningful relation between decision making process for migration, and other effective factories such as lack of space for urban services, quality of life in origin city, influence of urban management performance, attractive factors in center of province, normal beliefs and indexes and migrant sending.   To compare importance economical factors (M=3/20, S=0/72) with cultural factors (0/82m==3/40), as barrier of living in Gheidar, view of family heads about importance of effective economical and cultural factors on migration and t test was held (t=5/40,p=0.00).This test shows that these individuals regard economic factors more important than cultural ones. Z rate (-5/23) and (4/18) in statistics analyze shows importance of sustainable employement and high wages and also second job for emigrants. In addition, according to data of questionnaires, migration resulting from unemployment factor (88/2),is a seasonal migration at the beginning and later have changed into permanent migration.     5-suggestions   5-1- designing laws and regulations of urban development and use of specialized manangement in urban infrastructure section to attract and maintenance of population.   5-2- decentralization services and possibilities from province centers to removing reasons and backgrounds of migrant sending in small cities.   5-3- making balance between large and small cities in Zanjan Province to balance integrated development planning policies in province level.   5-4- recognization of strong and weak points of to attract of population and migrant sending.   5-5- improvement of service space development in Gheidar according to citizen needs.           Refrences   Bradan, F. (2010), Migration (approach and new planning in cities) Delhi Press 456P   Clin, B. (2009), Migration and unemployment, UK, London564P   Economy organization, (1996), impact of migration case in Iran, entsaratpublish, Tehran, 231p   Emani, M. (1989), The migration in third world, factually lectur magazine, no34, ferdowsi mashad university,pp23-33   Garabagian, M. (1996), impact of power migrant in Iran, economy organization, 69p   Gasemi, A. (2006), the assessment caseof rural migration tocities in iran, development and rural magazine no10, gahadkesavarzi organization, Tehran, pp50-62   Gomepor, M. (2005), the assessment realat between develop level in rural Tehran and migration totehran, alameh tabatbae university, Tehran, pp87-106   Hamidi, K. (2007), Immigration Laws, Harvard University, Asia Centerp342   Hesamean, F. (1984), urbanization in Iran, agah publish, Tehran, p-206,   Holzar, H (2009), the migration and social development, UK, LD, Oxford   Kabazbehesti, Z. (2002), migration, asyanehketab, Tehran, 223 p   Lee, O. (1989), Immigration Laws, Harvard University, Asia Center   Lhasaezadeh, A. (1989), migration theory, navid siraz publish, siraz, 326p   Mashadizadeh, N. (1995), analyse character urban planning in Iran, Elmosanat University publish, tehra n of rural to urban migratin, 654p   Mazidi, A. (2006), reason of rural migration in Yazd, regional development and geography magazine, no7, Mashad University, pp143-157   Nazarian, A. (1996), position small citiesin space organization, zanjan province, research geography magazine, no42, mashad, pp48-72,   Papoliyazdir, M. (2002), rural development approach, samt, Tehran, 367p   POrmohamadi, M. (2008), assessment physical and space development in zanjan, change land use, geographical reaserch, no63, Tehran University, pp33-45   Saedi, A. (1997), principal of rural geography, samt publish, Tehran, 280p   Safaeipor, M. (2007), the role of land formigration in Ahvaz, 2th conference geography and 21 century, najaf abad university, pp152-175   Shieah, E. (2000), with city and region in Iran, Elmosanat University publishes, Tehran, p320   Sterin, S. (2010), the migration from small cities, a new approach, Holeston Press   Taherkani, M. (2002), assessment tomigration rural-city in Qazvin province, modares magazine, no2, tabiat modares university, pp41-58   Taherkani, M. (2006), the study reason for migration in rural region roods geography magazine, no3, amozesh publish, Tehran, pp59-75   Tayabinia, M. (2009), the impact of migration formigrant family to Tehran, region and city reaserch, no1, esfhan university, pp130-148   Todarn, F. (2010), Rural planning in Third w orld, Oxford, Lt Press   Todaro, M. (1991), economy development in third world, translate by golamali farjad, planning organization, Tehran, 450p   Viks, O. (2006), Immigration Laws, Harvard University, Asia Center   Wenk, D. (1993), the effects of rural to urban migration .rural sociology vol.58.no1.pp 76-96   Zanjani, H. (2001), the migration, samt publish, Tehran, 268p   Ziari, K. (2008), the operation khoy city in space development in west azarbayajan province, geography reaserch, no63, Tehran university, pp 15-35.      Analyzing reasons of migrant sending in small cities (case study Gheidar)       E. Nasiri ( * )   Assistant Professor of Geography and Urban Planning, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran   e-mail: esmael.nasiri@yahoo.com   Received: 11 September 2010 / Accepted: 14 June 2011, 27-30 P           Extended abstract   1-Introduction   In Iran with development in industrial and financial infrastractures, profitable activities in large cities have conducted and made these cities main centers of wage-earner labor force and so migration from small cities to large cities has increased through interaction urbanization and migration.Consequently, population balance between small cities and large cities have been deranged.   Migration is mainly influenced by lack of suitable economic infrastructures and underlined services in these small cities and also expectation better employement and pay and health/ educational/ convenience services in big cities.   Migration from small cities is one of the most important subjects in third world. This type of migration shows lack of balance in urban settlement complex and also inequalities of development in urban societies.     2- Theoretical Bases   In the most of early reaserches about impact of migration, economical, social, cultural, geographical and communicational factors are emphasized abstractly. Nowadays, there is a consensus on influence of variety of factors on migration.   In most of developing country, the large cities have high levels economic, social services and this has made small cities pheripheral spaces. There are different approaches about reasons of migration.According to Lee theory, factors of pulls and repulsive are very important motives to migration, pulls factors is concerned with purpose and repulsive factors with origin.     3-Discussion   To deep understanding reasons of migrant sending in small cities, in this analysis migration in one of the cities of Zanjan Province, Gheidar has been examined.   Small city of Gheidar, despite of potentials, due to lack of possibilites and social and economic infrastructures act such as migrant sending center. The researches have done by using of analytical-describtive method with identifying effective factors on migrant sending in Gheidar. Research data is mainly collected by field method (survey, questionnaire, and interview).Questionnares perpeturity is achieved %88 by calculating Kronbakh Alfa coefficient that indicates squre questiones’s high internal parallelism. After data gathering spss software is used to analyze them.   In this research in order to recognize backgrounds of Gheidar’s migrant sending, two categories of external and internal factors are evaluated.     4-conclusion   One of the important and principal components of migration is quality of life. In this research in order to recognize backgrounds of Gheidar’s migrant sending to Zanjan, we identified and evaluated two categories of external and internal factors. Results show the background of migrant sending in Gheidar is a social, cultural and economical behavior The available data has been analyzed and the conclusion is that economic, social and cultural factors are important for migration .   In fact, questionnaires results of 400 family head man who migrated from Gheidar showed that although economic factors influence on forming migration incentive but there is a meaningful relation between decision making process for migration, and other effective factories such as lack of space for urban services, quality of life in origin city, influence of urban management performance, attractive factors in center of province, normal beliefs and indexes and migrant sending.   To compare importance economical factors (M=3/20, S=0/72) with cultural factors (0/82m==3/40), as barrier of living in Gheidar, view of family heads about importance of effective economical and cultural factors on migration and t test was held (t=5/40,p=0.00).This test shows that these individuals regard economic factors more important than cultural ones. Z rate (-5/23) and (4/18) in statistics analyze shows importance of sustainable employement and high wages and also second job for emigrants. In addition, according to data of questionnaires, migration resulting from unemployment factor (88/2),is a seasonal migration at the beginning and later have changed into permanent migration.     5-suggestions   5-1- designing laws and regulations of urban development and use of specialized manangement in urban infrastructure section to attract and maintenance of population.   5-2- decentralization services and possibilities from province centers to removing reasons and backgrounds of migrant sending in small cities.   5-3- making balance between large and small cities in Zanjan Province to balance integrated development planning policies in province level.   5-4- recognization of strong and weak points of to attract of population and migrant sending.   5-5- improvement of service space development in Gheidar according to citizen needs.           Refrences   Bradan, F. (2010), Migration (approach and new planning in cities) Delhi Press 456P   Clin, B. (2009), Migration and unemployment, UK, London564P   Economy organization, (1996), impact of migration case in Iran, entsaratpublish, Tehran, 231p   Emani, M. (1989), The migration in third world, factually lectur magazine, no34, ferdowsi mashad university,pp23-33   Garabagian, M. (1996), impact of power migrant in Iran, economy organization, 69p   Gasemi, A. (2006), the assessment caseof rural migration tocities in iran, development and rural magazine no10, gahadkesavarzi organization, Tehran, pp50-62   Gomepor, M. (2005), the assessment realat between develop level in rural Tehran and migration totehran, alameh tabatbae university, Tehran, pp87-106   Hamidi, K. (2007), Immigration Laws, Harvard University, Asia Centerp342   Hesamean, F. (1984), urbanization in Iran, agah publish, Tehran, p-206,   Holzar, H (2009), the migration and social development, UK, LD, Oxford   Kabazbehesti, Z. (2002), migration, asyanehketab, Tehran, 223 p   Lee, O. (1989), Immigration Laws, Harvard University, Asia Center   Lhasaezadeh, A. (1989), migration theory, navid siraz publish, siraz, 326p   Mashadizadeh, N. (1995), analyse character urban planning in Iran, Elmosanat University publish, tehra n of rural to urban migratin, 654p   Mazidi, A. (2006), reason of rural migration in Yazd, regional development and geography magazine, no7, Mashad University, pp143-157   Nazarian, A. (1996), position small citiesin space organization, zanjan province, research geography magazine, no42, mashad, pp48-72,   Papoliyazdir, M. (2002), rural development approach, samt, Tehran, 367p   POrmohamadi, M. (2008), assessment physical and space development in zanjan, change land use, geographical reaserch, no63, Tehran University, pp33-45   Saedi, A. (1997), principal of rural geography, samt publish, Tehran, 280p   Safaeipor, M. (2007), the role of land formigration in Ahvaz, 2th conference geography and 21 century, najaf abad university, pp152-175   Shieah, E. (2000), with city and region in Iran, Elmosanat University publishes, Tehran, p320   Sterin, S. (2010), the migration from small cities, a new approach, Holeston Press   Taherkani, M. (2002), assessment tomigration rural-city in Qazvin province, modares magazine, no2, tabiat modares university, pp41-58   Taherkani, M. (2006), the study reason for migration in rural region roods geography magazine, no3, amozesh publish, Tehran, pp59-75   Tayabinia, M. (2009), the impact of migration formigrant family to Tehran, region and city reaserch, no1, esfhan university, pp130-148   Todarn, F. (2010), Rural planning in Third w orld, Oxford, Lt Press   Todaro, M. (1991), economy development in third world, translate by golamali farjad, planning organization, Tehran, 450p   Viks, O. (2006), Immigration Laws, Harvard University, Asia Center   Wenk, D. (1993), the effects of rural to urban migration .rural sociology vol.58.no1.pp 76-96   Zanjani, H. (2001), the migration, samt publish, Tehran, 268p   Ziari, K. (2008), the operation khoy city in space development in west azarbayajan province, geography reaserch, no63, Tehran university, pp 15-35.    https://urs.ui.ac.ir/article_20005_e4fc3c6fdb36107c67b12216882f2a7e.pdf