معاونت پژوهش و فناوری دانشگاه اصفهانمطالعات و پژوهشهای شهری و منطقهای (توقف انتشار)2008-535472720151222Comparing aggregating methods for constructing the composite index of regional developmentمقایسه روشهای تجمیع شاخصها برای ساخت شاخص ترکیبی توسعه منطقهای12020150FAبنفشهترحمیدانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگانمحمد شریفشریف زادهدانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگانغلامحسینعبدالله زادهدانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگانJournal Article20160614Â Â Extended
abstract Introduction A composite indicator refers to an index
derived from some specific individual indicators for measuring the aggregated
performance of a multi-dimensional issue. A major problem for constructing the composite
indicator of development is the determination of an appropriate aggregating
method to combine multi-dimensional development indicators into an overall
index. Therefore, strongly, the usefulness of a composite indicator depends
heavily on the underlying construction scheme. Â Construction on a composite indicator involves
the definition of study scope, selection of underlying variables, data
collection and preprocessing, data weighting and aggregation, and post analysis
of the composite indicator derived, among which data weighting and aggregation
has been an interesting but controversial topic (Esty et al. 2005). At the
stage of data (weighting and) aggregation, there are two major families of
operations research methods, namely data envelopment analysis (DEA) and
multiple criteria decision analysis (MCDA), which have recently received much
attention in composite indicator construction (Zhou and Ang 2008). While there are a large number of alternative
methods for constructing composite indicator,
none could be regarded as a âsuper methodâ
suitable for all cases. As a result, researchers
have developed a large number of criteria, such as theoretical foundation, understandability, ease of use and validity, which are helpful to
analysts for the selection of an
appropriate method for constructing composite indicator. Zhou et al. (2006)
introduced a novel criterion
ââinformation lossââ and developed an objective measure called the
Shannon-Spearman measure (SSM) for comparing aggregation methods in
constructing composite indicator. This research investigates the effectiveness of the Shannon-Spearman
measure (Zhou and Ang, 2009) and compares several popular methods in
constructing composite indicator.  Methodology This research aimed to
compare aggregating methods for constructing the composite index of regional
development. There are many criteria for comparing aggregating methods of composite indicator. Based on the information loss concept this research
was used the Shannon-Spearman measure (SSM), Spearman correlation coefficient
and Coefficient of Variation (CV) to compare alternative aggregation methods in
constructing composite
indicator. Using the proposed measure,
five popular methods in constructing composite indicator (SAW, TOPSIS, revised PCA, Taxonomy and revised
Optimum Deviation) are evaluated and compared through an empirical study based
on information from 17 indicators of economic development for 31 Iranian
provinces. To collect data, census of 20011 and yearbook in different time was
used.  Discussion Since
different sub-indicators are likely to have different measurement units,
normalization is usually done before data aggregation. Weight of individual
indicators exploited from Antropy-Shanon and PCA techniques. The five aggregations methods are applied to
the 31 Iranian provinces based on 17 individual economic indicators. Results demonstrated that different
aggregation methods tend to give different composite indicator and even different ranking orders.
However Tehran, Khozestan, Esfahan and Razavi Khorasan are considered by almost
most the aggregation methods as better performers in economic development.
Moreover North and South Khorasan, Sistan and Baluchestan, Lorestan, Ardabil
and Chaharmahal Bakhtiari are ranked in least position by almost most the
aggregation methods. We shall apply the Shannon-Spearman measure to evaluate
the five alternative methods in constructing composite indicator in a more comprehensive way. Results
of calculated the Shannon-Spearman measure revealed that TOPSIS method has the
smallest value while the Taxonomy and Optimum Deviation method have the largest
the Shannon-Spearman measure value. This indicates that the TOPSIS method is
the most appropriate with regards to the information loss criterion. In
contrast, the Taxonomy and Optimum Deviation method may not be a good choice
because it often results in the maximum loss of information. It is also found
that except TOPSIS, other four methods are highly correlated with each other.
This indicates that different methods are complementary to each other. Based on
information from five composite indicator development level of province were
classified through cluster analysis. The spatial pattern is divided into six
clusters: Tehran (cluster 1-1), Khozestan (cluster 1-2), Esfahan (cluster 2-1)
and other province (cluster 2-2). Recent cluster include two sub-clusters sub-cluster
(2-2-1) contain 10 provinces and sub-cluster (2-2-2) contain 18 provinces which
were in low development level. These results indicate that the gap between the
economic development of provinces and has been emphasized in several studies. Conclusion In
recent years, different methods have been widely explored in constructing composite
indicators. A problem faced by researchers is to determine the most suitable
method to apply. Zhou et al. (2006) developed an empirical criterion called the
Shannon-Spearman measure for comparing alternative aggregation methods in
constructing composite indicators based on the concept of information loss.
This paper applies the Shannon-Spearman measure, spearman correlation
coefficient and coefficient of variation (CV) to assess the effectiveness of
the different method of constructing composite indicators in practice. Results demonstrates
that the Shannon-Spearman measure could be an effective measure for comparing
aggregation methods in constructing of composite indicators. The case studies presented show that the TOPSIS
method is the most appropriate with regards to the information loss criterion.
In contrast, the Taxonomy and revised Optimum Deviation method may not be a
good choice because it often results in the maximum loss of information. It is
also found that the different methods are complementary to each other. Â Some
recommendations are provided include: Decentralization policy and make more
attention to less developed province such Sistan and Baluchestan, Lorestan, Ardabil, Chaharmahal
Bakhtiari, South Khorasn and North Khorasan. Appling Shannon-Spearman measure in different
indicator and for other composite indicators methods in the future research
should be considered. The application
of quantitative methods more cautious should be considered and fitted with the regional
facts. Future
research is needed especially its sensitivity should be evaluated when the numbers
of compared units are changing. Â Moreover
it should be noted that different ranking caused from nature of individual
indicator, weighing method, normalization and aggregating methods. The results
of each method is complementary to other methods and simultaneously use and
compare them often a better guide for the assessment of regional development. As
well as other aspects of development through the use of socio-economic indicators
and measures proposed in this research is recommended in future works. Finally, this research is not able to judge
which method is the most appropriate since these results are obtained based on
a specific decision matrix. Key
words: Aggregating of
indicator, regional development, multi attribute decision making, indicators of
development اخیراً روشهای مختلف تجمیع شاخصها به طور گستردهای در ساخت شاخص ترکیبی توسعه منطقهای مورد استفاده قرار گرفتهاند. مشکلی که پژوهشگران با آن مواجه بودهاند تعیین کاربرد مناسبتترین روشها بوده است. بنابراین هدف تحقیق حاضر مقایسه روشهای تجمیع ساخت شاخص ترکیبی توسعه منطقهای است. معیارهای زیادی برای مقایسه روشهای تجمیع شاخصها در ساخت شاخص ترکیبی وجود دارد. در این تحقیق، بر مبنای معیار از دست رفتن اطلاعات شاخص اسپیرمن شانون و ضریب همبستگی اسپیرمن و ضریب تغییرات برای مقایسه روشهای بدیل تجمیع در ساخت شاخص ترکیبی مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. با استفاده از معیارها گفته شده، پنج روش مرسوم در ساخت شاخص ترکیبی (میانگین وزنی ساده، تاپسیس، مولفه اصلی اصلاح شده، تاکسونومی و انحراف از مقدار بهینه اصلاح شده) از طریق یک مطالعه تجربی بر مبنای اطلاعات 17 شاخص توسعه اقتصادی در 31 استان ایران ارزیابی و مقایسه شدند. نتایج نشان داد که روشهای مختلف تجمیع شاخصها شاخصهای ترکیبی مختلفی و همچنین رتبهبندی متفاوتی را ایجاد میکنند. با وجود این استانهای تهران، خوزستان، اصفهان و خراسان رضوی در بیشتر روشها عملکرد بهتری در توسعه اقتصادی داشتند. به علاوه استانهای خراسان جنوبی و شمالی، سیستان و بلوچستان، لرستان، اردبیل و چهار محال بختیاری نیز در بیشتر روشها در رتبههای پایین قرار گرفتند. نتایج محاسبه شاخص اسپیرمن-شانون نشان داد که روش تاپسیس کمترین مقدار و روشهای تاکسونومی و انحراف از مقدار بهینه اصلاحی بیشتری مقدار این شاخص را دارا هستند. این موضوع بیانگر این است که روش تاپسیس با توجه به معیار از رفتن اطلاعات مناسبترین روش است. بر عکس دو روش تاکسونومی و انحراف از مقدار بهینه اصلاحی به علت اینکه نتایج آنها منجر به از رفتن اطلاعات زیادی میشود، انتخابهای خوبی نیستند. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که به استثنای روش تاپسیس، سایر روشها همبستگی بالایی با همدیگر دارند که این موضوع بیانگر این است که روشهای مختلف مکمل همدیگر هستند.https://urs.ui.ac.ir/article_20150_00f984125d46ca5a73907cc9de605ae1.pdfمعاونت پژوهش و فناوری دانشگاه اصفهانمطالعات و پژوهشهای شهری و منطقهای (توقف انتشار)2008-535472720151222Electronic Urban management performance measurement (Case Study: Yazd Municipality ICT Organization)سنجش عملکرد مدیریت شهری الکترونیک (نمونه موردی :سازمان فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات شهرداری یزد)214220153FAنیک زادعلیمرادیسازمان فاوای شهرداری یزدمرضیهنقیبینجمااسمعیل پوردانشگاه یزدJournal Article20160614Having entered to the era of the ICT governance and the dominance of ICT over citizens environment and living space, there has been a major change in urban management as an entity responsible for the administration of the city. Urban management has been equipped with a modern method in urban management called â electronic urban managementâ. Following Internet spreading and its public use , along with growing information and communication technology considering citizens and economic enterprises expectations to use electronic management for benefits such as simplification of business processes, reducing expenses and facilitate citizens' access to civil service, achieving urban electronic management Municipalities all over the country set out to create an organization in their offices called "The Information and Communication Technology - ICT abbreviated" undertaking the task of IT management.
Even Though this method is more or less realized in many cities, such as Yazd, some problems such as shortage of qualified professionals regarding the up to date electronic proficiency, lack of staff training in terms of basic understanding of the modern methods in electronic systems and even in some cases the lack of customer-orientation and ⦠etc, resulted in plagued cities and has brought the adverse outcomes in the field of electronic urban management performance.
Therefore, the present study aimed at improving the electronic management performance of Yazd ICT organization in response to the two questions:
1. To what extend does electronic urban management performance of Yazd ICT organization serve its intended purposes?
2. What are the strategies to enhance the desirability of urban management performance of yazd city?
The research has development and practical nature and was attempting to collect data with descriptive â analytical method and library and document technique and survey method and "inventory" and "interview" techniques. Urban management performance functions were measured and analyzed with the "BSC" evaluation method and "fuzzy theory". Doing so with regards to the tasks and performance of Yazd ICT, perspectives and their indicators were determined. Then, through interviews with senior managers, employees, and in some cases according to the needs,surveyed through questionnaires the existing and desired organizational performance in each of the indicators, their desirability and their present situation were assessed and compared. The mean and standard deviation from the existing and desired was determined for each dimension, having compared the results of the each dimension, the balance or imbalance of different dimensions of the organizations were determined. In this study, the localization of Yazd ICT performance indicators were localized and lead to these conclusions:
Electronic urban management performance of Yazd is in line with the determined goals and tasks but portion of 4 perspectives differ in the performance of the organization. Customer perspective has the most positive impact and Growth and learning perspective has the lowest positive impact in the Current organization performance. In order to move further in the direction of electronic urban management, Strategic management and strategic thinking is required to adopt a hierarchical organization according to the visions and objectives, strategies, policies and projects to provide proper execution. Once implemented, these operations be monitored. Also comparison of selected perspectives of studied sample shows an imbalance between these perspectives.
Finally at the end of the paper, strategies for improving yazd ICT performance is provided.. This research can be pave the way for the emergence of a new look and a different approach to the topic of organizational assessment, particularly in organizations that are responsible for specific activities.با ورود به عصر حاکمیت فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات بر فضای زیست شهروندان، مدیریت شهری به عنوان مسئول اداره امور شهر به شیوه مدیریت الکترونیک مجهز گردید. در پی فراگیری استفاده از اینترنت، انتظار شهروندان و بنگاههای اقتصادی در خصوص استفاده از مدیریت الکترونیک جهت تسهیل دسترسی به خدمات شهری و تحقق مدیریت شهری الکترونیک، شهرداریهای کشور اقدام به ایجاد سازمان فاوا در زیرمجموعه خود نمودند که وظیفه مدیریت IT را برعهده گرفت. با وجود تحقق کم و بیش این شیوه در بسیاری از شهرهای کشور از جمله یزد، مشکلاتی از قبیل کمبود تخصص و ضعف کارکنان از منظر آشنایی با سیستمهای الکترونیکی روزآمد و ... دامنگیر شهرها شده و نتایج نامطلوبی را بهمراه آورده است. لذا پژوهش حاضر با هدف ارتقا عملکرد مدیریت الکترونیک سازمان فاوای یزد و در پاسخ به سؤالات زیر انجام پذیرفته است:1-عملکرد مدیریت شهری الکترونیک سازمان فاوای یزد تا چه حد در راستای اهداف آن می باشد؟2-راهبردهای ارتقا مطلوبیت عملکرد مدیریت شهری الکترونیک یزد کدامند؟تحقیق ماهیت کاربردی-توسعه ای داشته و به روش توصیفی-تحلیلی و داده ها با استفاده از مطالعات کتابخانه ای، اسنادی و میدانی به کمک پرسشنامه و مصاحبه جمع آوری گردید. در ادامه به روش ارزیابی BSC و تئوری فازی وضعیت عملکرد مدیریت شهری مورد سنجش قرار گرفت و شاخصهای مزبور بومی سازی گردید. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد: عملکرد سازمان به طور کلی در راستای اهداف و وظایف تعیین شده است، اما سهم منظرهای 4 گانه در عملکرد این سازمان یکسان نیست. منظر مشتری بیشترین و منظر رشد و یادگیری کمترین تأثیر مثبت را در عملکرد فعلی این سازمان برعهده دارد. برای حرکت بیشتر سازمان در جهت مدیریت شهری الکترونیک، به مدیریتی راهبردی نیاز می باشد تا به صورت سلسله مراتبی با توجه به چشم اندازها و اهداف سازمان، راهبردها و راهکارها و پروژه هایی را ارائه نماید و پس از اجرا عملیات پایش گردد.در پایان مقاله ضمن مقایسه منظرهای انتخابی، راهبردهای ارتقا عملکرد سازمان فاوای یزد ارائه شده است. این پژوهش می تواند زمینه ساز ظهور نگاه و برخوردی متفاوت با مبحث ارزیابی سازمانها باشد.https://urs.ui.ac.ir/article_20153_318a333e54eef76781e8303f90fa2f59.pdfمعاونت پژوهش و فناوری دانشگاه اصفهانمطالعات و پژوهشهای شهری و منطقهای (توقف انتشار)2008-535472720151222Evaluating Site Selection of the Status Quo of Sport Spaces in Shahr-e-Kord Using Multiple Criteria Decision Making Modelsارزیابی مکانگزینی وضع موجود فضاهای ورزشی شهرکرد با استفاده از مدل های تصمیمگیری چند معیاره436020151FAعزت اللهقاسمی قاسمونددانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستانحمیدرضارخشانی نسبدانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستانJournal Article201606141. Introduction Sport spaces are considered as types of social spaces in social settlements. These spaces can be known as one of the important parts of urban life for the health of individuals of the society in which there are functions such as the concurrent and dense presence of human population, motion, spending leisure time and the recreation of the residents of large cities and metropolises, face-to-face communication, exercising matches and athletic competitions between population groups, and holding non-sport rallies and meetings with social and sometimes political objectives (Karimi, 2006: 8). Currently, one of the most important problems in the cities of Iran is the inappropriate establishment of sport spaces among other urban users in such a way that a lot of individuals in the society, due to their inaccessibility to them, cannot use these sport spaces appropriately and solving them requires planning and management in the domains of positioning and organizing sport spaces (Ghaderi, 2002: 5). The City of Shahr-e-Kord, as the center of ChaharMahal and Bakhtiari Province, with a population of 159,775 people (Statistical Center of Iran, 2011), has an area with 35278 m2 (Youth and Sports organization ChaharMahal and Bakhtiari Province, 2014). In this city, the per capita of sport space equals 4.5 m2. In addition to the quantity of per capita, the quality of accessibility and the quiddity of positioning spaces is an important issue in planning land use. Accordingly, in the present study, the quiddity of site selection of the status quo of sport spaces in Shahr-e-Kord based on positioningcriteria are investigated. 2. Theoretical framework Sport space refers to Outdoor or indoor spaces having a limited boundary which is allocated for exercising at least a sport activity. By studying and searching in different books and researches, it can be claim that different factors are effective on positioning sport spaces. Regarding the criterion of positioning users, the most important criterion in positioning sport spaces is easy access. Another criterion of positioning sport spaces is to maintain citizensâ comfort. Sport spaces are considered as tumultuous environments and if residential, educational, and therapeutic areas are located around these spaces, Bustle of the players and spectators-which is the necessary factor of emotion and excitement due to sport activities-causes citizensâ comfort. These spaces should be placed in some places in the city where do not cause citizensâ inconvenience. By safety, it means rapid care and management of sport spaces and their users against potential dangers. This criterion is consistent with compatibility criterion, in such a way that the physical distance between sport sites and fire department, treatment centers, and etc. should be observed (Pour Mohammadi, 2006: 93). Appropriate proximity for sport centers, neighbors and neighborhood, parks, green spaces and cultural and recreational spaces, residential neighborhood and educational centers (of course with maintaining the appropriate distance) is necessary. For sport centers at area level and higher levels, in addition to the mentioned cases, highway network, good climate regions, countryside and foothills are the best proximities. Inappropriate proximity are healthcare, industrial, and workshops users as well as waste collection and disposal stations. 3. Discussion The objective of the present study is to evaluate the interaction of positioning criterion by site selection of the status quo of sport spaces in Shahr-e-Kord, and leveling sport spaces of this city. Different criteria are available for investigating positioning sport spaces. In the present study, four criteria of proximity, accessibility, safety and comfort are used. The present study is an applied one in terms of its nature and a descriptive-analytical in terms of method. Some of the research data were collected via documentary study and referring to related organizations and other data, due to the lack of spatial distribution maps of sports centers and also to make data more accurate, were collected by a field study and through observation. The research population consists of all sport spaces of Shahr-e-Kord which were investigated by mass serialization. Then, the data were classified in Excel, i.e. the positive ideas were given the coefficient 3 and negative ideas were allocated the coefficient 1. Afterwards, regarding the importance of each component (proximity, accessibility, safety and comfort) and using expertsâ ideas, in AHP model, a weight from 1 to 9 was selected. In the next stage, in TOPSIS, the rank of each one of the dimensions of site selection was obtained for all sport spaces and their importance degrees were identified. At last, the obtained importance degrees as the matrix of raw data entered Vikorâs model and the rank and degree of desirability of site selection for each space were identified. 3. 1. Proximity of sports spaces in Shahr-e-Kord Proximity is one of the most important criterion of positioning. The data related to the criterion of proximity, after weighting in AHP, were investigated using TOPSIS for leveling and determining the most appropriate space. The obtained results indicate that Enghelab Sport Complex with the degree of desirability of 0.773 is the most desirable and Takhti Sport Hall with the degree of desirability of 0.204 is the most undesirable proximity among the sport spaces in Shahr-e-Kord. Sport halls of Resalat, Bastani, HejabMultipurpose Hall and the Hall of YadgarEmam with 0.546, 0.365, 0.349, and 0.269 have second to fifth ranks respectively. The main factor affecting the above ranking is the existence of distance to the emergency centers. 3. 2. The accessibility of sports spaces in Shahr-e-Kord The dimension of the accessibility of sport spaces with four components including the existence of favorable passages, highways, and extensive parking lots and safety accessibility for old and disabled individuals were evaluated. The results of the obtained table indicate that YadgarEmam Hall with the desirability degree of 0.841 is the most desirable one and Resalat Hall with the score of 0.085 is at the lowest rank in the dimension of accessibility to site selection of sport spaces. Takhti Sport Complex, Enghlab Sport Complex, Hejab Multipurpose Hall, and Bastani Hall are at second to fifth ranks with scores 0.612, 0.413, 0.158, and 0.085 respectively. The main reason of this issue is the absence of favorable passages and also extensive parking lots. 3. 3. The safety of Sport Spaces in Shahr-e-Kord Regarding the conducted calculations, YadgarEmam Hall with the score 0.789 has the highest rank and Bastani Hall with the score 0.192 has the lowest rank. In addition, Takhti Sport Complex, Hejab Multipurpose Hall, Enghleab Hall and Resalat Sport Hall with scores 0.579, 0.564, 0.495, and 0.343 are at second to fifth ranks respectively. One of the reasons of the poor safety criterion in the mentioned sport halls is unsafety sidewalks. 3. 4. The comfort of sport spaces in Shahr-e-Kord The calculations of the researchers indicate that YadgarEmam Sport Hall with the desirability degree of 0.922 has the best state in terms of comfort criterion and Hejab Multipurpose Hal with the desirability degree of 0.206 has the worst state. Enghelab Sport Complex, Bastani Hall, Takhti Sport Complex, and Resalat Hall with scores 0.795, 0.528, 0.427, and 0.325 are at second to fifth ranks respectively. According to field investigations of the researchers, the reason of the low levels of comfort criterion is the lack of usingplant species and green spaces in moderating noise. 3. 5. Final ranking of desirability of site selection of sport spaces in Shahar-e-Kord The final stage of the process of conducting the research is to determine the most desirable sport spaces in Shahr-e-Kord. Therefore, the final data obtained from TOPSIS model identified for each of the dimension of site selection (proximity, accessibility, safety, and comfort) of sport spaces, were used for the matrix of raw data in Vikorâs model. Regarding the results obtained from Vicorâs model, YadgarEmam Sport Hall with the desirability degree 0.00 has the best state and Hejab Multipurpose Hall with the desirability degree 1 has the worst state. Enghelab Sport Complex, Takhti Sport Complex, Resalat Hall and Bastani Hall with scores 0.126, 0.457, 0.852, and 0.902 are at the second to fifth ranks respectively. 4. Conclusion In the present study, it was tried that regarding the criteria of positioning, the site selection of the status quo of the sport spaces in Shahr-e-Kord be investigated. Regarding the findings of the research, in the criterion of proximity, sport spaces of Takhti with the desirability level 0.204, YadgarEmam with 0.269, Hejab with 0.349, and Bastani with 0.365 indicated relatively low desirability level. Enghelab Sport Complex, due to having distance from educational centers, Takhti Sport Complex due to relatively low distance from industrial workshops andhigh voltage power cables and relatively high distance from emergency centers are at an undesirable level. Regarding Hejab Hall, the distance from emergency centers is relatively high. Regarding Bastani Hall, Resalat Hall and YadgarEmam Hall, the two components of distance from terminals and distance form emergency centers are at undesirable level. Regarding accessibility criterion, Bstani Hall and Resalat Hall with the desirability level 0.085 are the most undesirable sport spaces. YadgarEmam Hall with the desirability level 0.841 had the highest desirability level in accessibility criterion. The reasons of undesirability of accessibility criterion in Enghelab Sport Complex, undesirability of accessibility for old and disabled individuals, in Hejab and Resalat Halls, the two components of the absence of desirable passages and extensive parking lots has caused that the level of desirability of criteria be low in them. Regarding YadgarEmam Hall, the accessibility to extensive parking lots is at an undesirable level. Regarding the criterion of safety, Bastani Hall with the desirability degree 0.192 is at the lowest level. One of the reasons of the weakness of this space in terms of safety is inappropriate design of sidewalks. Regarding this criterion, YadgarEmam Hall with the score 0.879 is at the first rank and Takhti, Hejab, Enghelab, and Resalat Halls are at the second to the fifth ranks. In Enghelab Hall, the absence of safe sidewalks has caused that this sport space did not enjoy appropriate desirability in terms of safety. Takhti, Hejab, Resalat, and YadgarEmam, due to the lack of service buildings for controlling and monitoring and Bastani Hall due to inappropriate safety of roads and regions and due to the absence of safe sidewalks are at undesirable levels. Regarding the criterion of comfort, YadgarEmam Hall with the score 0.922 is at the first rank and Hejab Multipurpose Hall with the score 0.106 is at the sixth rank. One of the reasons of the low level of desirability regarding comfort criterion in these spaces is the lack of using plant species and green spaces to moderate noise resulting from the existence of sport spaces. It should be noted that the most degree of noise is in Takhti, Hejab and Resalat sport spaces. 5. Suggestions 1. In all sport spaces, creating vegetation and green spaces for controllingsound pollution associated with sports seems necessary. 2. It is necessary that the accessibility to all sport spaces to emergency centers be feasible. Therefore, it is suggested that inn new planning, the development of therapeutic centers to sport centers should be considered. 3. It is suggested that as much as possible, protective green space and separating Takhti Complex fromits adjacent industrial workshops be used. In addition, the observance of the scope of high-voltage power lines near this sport space is necessary. 4. Paying attention to building appropriate passages for the disabled and old individuals in Enghelab Complex and constructing overpasses and extensive parking lots for Hejab, Resalat, and YadgarEmam Halls for better accessibility seem necessary. 5. It is suggested that the increase in the safety level of the passages near Bastani Hall should be considered by urban organizations.هدف این پژوهش، بررسی و سطحبندی مکانگزینی فضاهای ورزشی شهرکرد بر اساس معیارهای مکانیابی است. روش پژوهش «توصیفی- تحلیلی» بوده که با استفاده از مطالعات میدانی انجام شده است. جامعه آماری پژوهش، تمام فضاهای ورزشی شهرکرد است. در این پژوهش، دادههای حاصل از پیمایش میدانی با مدل AHP وزن دهی شده و با استفاده از مدل تاپسیس درجه مطلوبیت و رتبه هریک از فضاهای ورزشی در چهار معیار همجواری، دسترسی، ایمنی و آسایش مشخص شده است. در مرحله آخر جهت رتبه بندی نهایی فضاهای ورزشی شهرکرد، از مدل تصمیمگیری ویکور استفاده شده است. نتایج پژوهش نشان میدهد، با توجه به وزن های سلسله مراتبی (AHP) و رتبه بندی انجام شده در مدل تاپسیس، بین مکانگزینی وضع موجود فضاهای ورزشی شهرکرد و معیارهای مکانیابی (همجواری، دسترسی، ایمنی و آسایش) تفاوت وجود دارد. یافته های حاصل از روش ویکور نشان می دهد که سالن یادگار امام و مجموعه ورزشی انقلاب در وضعیت مطلوب، مجموعه ورزشی تختی نیمه مطلوب و فضاهای ورزشی حجاب، باستانی و رسالت در وضعیت نامطلوب قرار دارند.https://urs.ui.ac.ir/article_20151_a219a33f9548c45c3c44be887bdd2c11.pdfمعاونت پژوهش و فناوری دانشگاه اصفهانمطالعات و پژوهشهای شهری و منطقهای (توقف انتشار)2008-535472720151222The impact of climate elements trends in architecture and design urban settlements Case Study : City of Isfahanتأثیر روند عناصر اقلیمی در معماری و طراحی سکونتگاه های شهری مطالعه موردی : شهر اصفهان618020152FAراضیهفناییهوشمندعطاییJournal Article201606141- Introduction
Climate location , which is particularly suitable conditions , however, have limitations in the field of urban design as well. Exact knowledge of the target location, climate and the wisdom to know the capabilities and limitations of large -scale climatic influence in the design and utilization of urban space itself. In different spaces designed in such buildings, green spaces , walkways , etc. , in addition to paying attention to quality, performance , visual and aesthetic , according to the type of climate and climate design criteria are necessary the lack of attention to this issue is a particular problem in cities and urban activities cause Prevention of air -conditioning in buildings, monuments unbalanced utilization of natural light flooded the streets are among them . Obviously, in architecture , planning and building design elements in mind and if we observe them carefully Comfortable living conditions and life species should benefit from the convenience and comfort .
2- Theoretical Foundations
Throughout the history of architecture and construction , designers have always sought to respond to weather conditions , Even traditional architecture, design and masterly in their exact climate . Buildings located in the Zagros Mountains or in the cities of the south are protected against wind Or a traditional central courtyard house plans to keep the cold at night in hot and dry climates are designed . Indigenous and local styles of architecture , climate and human activities are considered as the basis of life and the beauty of the buildings that eventually forms it has been concluded . Factors such as temperature, humidity , wind , etc. , in the architectural style of buildings is effective. Winds in tropical climates buildings built in the right direction , so that the windows are open and the air conditioning in urban areas will be considered , External surfaces of buildings in cold regions should also be placed in the opposite direction of the prevailing wind , Double windows and walls to run a proper thickness to minimize heat exchange . Moisture in the construction and hass impact in materials selection , So exactly how environmental factors, building form , orientation vectors , streets, alleys and urban areas affects materials selection
3- Discussion
Survey the temperature of the city on a monthly scale suggests that The average temperature of the city in the months of April to July and September and October have been increased . The minimum temperature is during the months of April, May, July and October has been increased . April also increased the amount 0/18 maximum temperature of confirms . The situation is quite different from the temperature of the water element . Parameters such that the average relative humidity during the months of January to September has been a decreasing trend . The mean maximum relative humidity in the months of January to November a decreasing trend was observed. At least there is a decreasing trend in the parameter mean relative humidity during the months of January to September were approved . The parameters of rainfall during the months of June to October decreased precipitation in other months no trend was observed. Studies also showed that wind parameters during the study period in all months of the year the wind has been decreasing . In most months of the dominant wind direction is west . Average wind speed of 4/5 meters per second and a maximum rate prevailing at the year in April to 5/8 meters per second. In contrast, in November, the lowest rate is high . Wind speed of 6 meters per second per year , most of the West during the month of February, March , April and May flows . Due to its west wind and accident potential strategies for reducing its ill effects is necessary.
4- Conclusions
Findings from this study indicate that the temperature of the city in which has trend been a positive trend in contrast, the water element in the month of declines that had been trend . Wind speed over the period of the decline has been studied . Minor and short-term variation also suggests that most of the changes observed in the thermal elements The mean maximum temperature and the minimum temperature of both additive and random coincidence is rising or falling . Many changes have occurred in the moisture elements of the random drop system. The rain and wind parameters of all the random changes of decline. In relation to locating the element temperature and wind are responsible for the most part . Short -term studies suggest that minor changes in the months of February, March , April, May , October and December at all three parameters increase occurred . So that the parameters of temperature and average minimum temperature in all months of the randomized incremental changes However, the maximum temperature in the months of February and March, and the increasing trend of changes in the months of April, May , October and December of randomly increasing.شرایط آب و هوایی به موازات سایر عوامل محیطی از مهمترین عوامل مؤثر در شکل گیری و تکوین شهرها و تداوم حیات شهری به شمار می آید. در راستای این نگرش، هدف اصلی در این پژوهش، بررسی روند عناصر اقلیمی در شهر اصفهان و تأثیر آنها در طرح ریزی شهری می باشد. بدین منظور عناصر اقلیمی میانگین دما، دمای حداکثر، دمای حداقل، میانگین رطوبت نسبی، حداکثر رطوبت نسبی، حداقل رطوبت نسبی، بارش و سرعت باد در شهر اصفهان طی مقطع زمانی 2010-1954 در مقیاس ماهانه و سالانه مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. ابتدا سنجش بهنجاری و همگنی داده های مورد استفاده توسط آزمون های اندرسون- دارلینگ و کای اسکور انجام پذیرفت. سپس با توجه با غیرنرمال بودن داده ها از آزمون ناپارامتری من- کندال جهت محاسبه و تحلیل روند استفاده گردید. در ادامه تأثیر هر یک از عناصر اقلیمی مورد مطالعه بر معماری و سکونتگاه های شهری، بررسی و مورد تحلیل قرار گرفت. با توجه به یافته های به دست آمده از این پژوهش وجود روند افزایشی در عناصر دمایی و روند کاهشی در عناصر رطوبتی و سرعت باد در شهر اصفهان تأیید شد. بدیهی است که یکی از معیارهای مهم برای ایجاد تعادل حرارتی و در نتیجه منطقه آسایش، بکارگیری استانداردهای معماری و طراحی ساختمان می باشد. با توجه به روند افزایشی دما در این شهر یکی از راهکارهای استاندارد، افزایش یا کاهش دمای درون بنا می باشد. برای نیل به این منظور می باید عوامل مؤثر در درجه حرارت فضای درونی ساختمان ها شناسایی و سپس با توجه به نیازهای حرارتی، طرح و شکلی مناسب را انتخاب تا هم تعادل حرارتی و احساس آسایش به دست آید و هم هزینه های مربوط به دستگاه های حرارتی و برودتی به حداقل خود برسد.https://urs.ui.ac.ir/article_20152_7a35db0b88254047f09542a6f011d0d5.pdfمعاونت پژوهش و فناوری دانشگاه اصفهانمطالعات و پژوهشهای شهری و منطقهای (توقف انتشار)2008-535472720151222A Study of the Function of Urban Management Regarding the Participation of Citizens in Urban Affairs: The Case of Fasaبررسی عملکرد مدیریت شهری در رابطه با مشارکت شهروندان در امور شهری(مورد شهر فسا)8110020148FAحسینیغفوریسجادرقیعیانمربی دانشگاه پیام نور جهرمJournal Article20160614Abstrac
We con to point to making interest and confidence in people for developing and to progress and decrease of centralization of most import effect of the process of to plan and to manage about the town so the most important tool for to succeed to manage about the town is to enjoy of people participate. Knowing the effeteness factors it is so important for to develop and to progress, of people participate. Participate is not new phenomena in our country, but with increase of city dweller and with result of this subject mean pattern change of participate, it feels that we should review in this sense and showing or presenting the suitable pattern, that it suit able with citizen needs fasa town with 92020 population in 1385 year is one of the most population city of fars province. Some (challenge) problems face with manage about the town in suitable serving to citizen that its related to not activate participate of citizen it is include , lack of income about mange the town, not participate of some of the citizen relate to pay taxes t office town. The goal of this research is to study of the function of management in fasa in relate to citizen participate in matter about the town. In this research that is apply and develop kind use of describe analyze research to answer the questions and presenting the key ways. The Use of two different ways mean, documentary and measuring for gather information. In this research for survey of manage about the fasa in relate to citizen participate in matter about the town, first study the relate literally after to recognize the view and different patterns in scientific research two pre-condition are essential mean: - tendency and to lean to participate and 2- possible participate (town management) in result the main focus on the. Possible participate (town management). For knowing and measuring the essential variables that shows the function of management of fasa in relate to citizen participate in matter about to town recognize ten original variables. That survey in form of questionnaire and basis of this questionnaire recognize the possible participate, to collect, performance about fasa we survey and analyze all of relate things. Result of this research show that town management of fasa in this case had a poor function so that the result of anally data this function in little and very little level.
Keyword: Participation of Citizens, in Urban Affairs, the Function of Urban Management, Fasaاز مهمترین آثار مشارکت در فرایند برنامهریزی و مدیریت شهری میتوان به ایجاد علاقه و اعتماد در مردم برای توسعه و پیشرفت، و کاهش تمرکزگرایی اشاره کرد. بنابراین مهمترین ابزار برای مدیریت شهری موفق، بهرهگیری از مشارکت مردم است. برای تقویت و گسترش امر مشارکت مردم در برنامهریزی، شناخت عوامل مؤثر بر این امر ضروری است. مشارکت در کشور ما پدیده تازهای نیست اما با رشد شهرنشینی و به تبع آن تغییر الگوی مشارکتی، لزوم بازبینی در این مفهوم و ارایه الگوی مناسب با نیازهای امروزی شهروندان احساس میگردد. شهر فسا با 92020نفر جمعیت در سال 1385از شهرهای پرجمعیت استان فارس است، از مشکلات فراروی مدیریت شهر فسا در خدماترسانی مناسب به شهروندان که مرتبط با عدم مشارکت فعال شهروندان است را میتوان به، کمبود درآمد مدیریت شهری، عدم همکاری برخی از شهروندان در رابطه با پرداخت عوارض به شهرداری و... می توان اشاره کرد. هدف اصلی پژوهش حاضر بررسی عملکرد مدیریت شهر فسا در رابطه با مشارکت شهروندان در امور مربوط به شهر است. در این تحقیق که از نوع کاربردی و توسعهای است از روش تحقیق توصیفی-تحلیلی برای پاسخ به سؤالات و ارایه راهحل برای مسأله مورد نظر استفاده شده است. برای گردآوری اطلاعات از دو روش مختلف اسنادی و پیمایشی استفاده شده است. در پژوهش حاضر حاضر جهت بررسی عملکرد مدیریت شهر فسا در رابطه با مشارکت شهروندان در امور مربوط به شهر ابتدا به مطالعهی ادبیات مربوطه پرداخته شد، پس از شناخت نظریات و الگوهای مختلف، در تحقق عملی مشارکت دو پیش شرط ضروری یعنی: 1-گرایش و تمایل به مشارکت و 2- امکان مشارکت(مدیریت شهری) تشخیص داده شد. در نتیجه تمرکز اصلی بر امکان مشارکت(مدیریت شهری) قرار گرفت. جهت شناسایی و سنجش متغیرهای ضروری نشان دهنده عملکرد مدیریت شهر فسا در رابطه با مشارکت شهروندان در امور مربوط به شهر ده متغیر اصلی تشخیص داده شد. که به صورت پرسشنامه بررسی شد و بر این اساس پرسشنامه شناسایی متغیرهای امکان مشارکت تدوین، اجرا و تجزیه و تحلیل شد. همچنین بمنظور اطمینان از صحت گفتار مسئولین مدیریت شهری مصوبات شورای شهرفسا مورد بررسی و تحلیل قرار گرفت. نتایج حاصل از پژوهش حاضر نشان میدهد. نتایج حاصل از ارزیابی عملکرد مدیریت شهری شهر فسا در رابطه با افزایش مشارکت شهروندان نشان میدهد که مدیریت شهریشهر فسا در این رابطه عملکرد ضعیفی را داشته است، به طوری که نتایج تحلیل دادهها این عملکرد را در حد کم و خیلی کم ارزیابی کردهاند.https://urs.ui.ac.ir/article_20148_2db9df9769ffd6b97ad924c23f20bcc7.pdfمعاونت پژوهش و فناوری دانشگاه اصفهانمطالعات و پژوهشهای شهری و منطقهای (توقف انتشار)2008-535472720151222Assessment the vulnerability of Social - Physical cities against earthquakes(Case Study: West Azerbaijan Counties)ارزیابی آسیبپذیری اجتماعی – فیزیکی شهرها در برابر زلزله (مطالعه موردی: شهرستانهای استان آذربایجان غربی)10111820155FAعلیعشقی چهاربرجانشگاه محقق اردبیلیسعیدهعلویانشگاه محقق اردبیلیحسیننظم فردانشگاه محقق اردبیلیJournal Article20160614Extended abstract
Introduction
No point on Earth is safe from disaster and has received reports from all over the land of catastrophes and natural disasters In the 90s a number of major international crises of 4752 have arrived since 2000, more than 5584 items of great crisis in the world Gzarshshdhand (Asgari, 1385: 5) The occurrence of natural hazards, such as floods, earthquakes, hurricanes and tornadoes are often negative impacts on human settlements still left And made them heavy casualties on people, buildings and infrastructure of these areas and destroyed the social and economic effects on societies and countries has imposed Prdamnhay (Khakpur et al., 1390: 2). During the twentieth century so devastating earthquake more than 1100 events around the globe with more than 1,000,500 deaths due to Azdstdadhand (Lantada, 2008: 2). Alpine-Himalayan orogenic belt of Iran as part of a high Seismicity always been throughout history, So that different parts of the country by several devastating earthquakes is always Tkhrybshdh (Freedom, 1388: 193). 153 so that the devastating earthquake that happened in the world, 17.6 percent of Iran According to the United Nations in 2003, the country ranks first in the world in the number of earthquakes with an intensity of 5.5 on the Richter scale and has one of the highest ranks of the vulnerability caused by the earthquake and the number of people killed due to the accident, According to the same report, the earthquake in Iran, the dominant aspect of the disaster included (UNDP, 2004: 35). The only result of the latest of these, the earthquake, more than 30,000 were killed, 10,000 wounded and more than 100,000 homeless and destroyed more than 80 percent of the city, including the loss of all social infrastructure that no more than 800 million dollars to bring(National report of the Islamic,2005). What makes the accident earthquake, lack of knowledge and inability to face and deal with its human (Amini et al., 1390). To reduce vulnerability to natural hazards and achieve sustainable development, in addition to the space Mkany- nature and natural hazards, the socio-spatial differences in vulnerable communities and to identify the reasons for it. Why is that natural hazards do not automatically lead to harmful results are only the possibility of injury. While the actual damage associated with exposure and features of the receiving unit (Eternal honor Rukn, 1392: 153). Therefore, the vulnerability is not only the result of Khtrkhyzy areas, but the result of social processes - political, economic and too traumatic a final status derived from these processes.
Theoretical bases
Among all natural hazards, earthquakes are the most serious risks that are not predictable and not controlled As of 1500 years ago to now, millions of people's lives and property worth millions of dollars in America, due to the devastating earthquake Azdstdadhand The only way to escape is prepared in various ways, such as capacity building preparation, building earthquake resistant structures, and so on. One of the few areas vulnerable to seismic activities through risk assessment and damage assessment is that all kinds of major damage to the social, economic and environmental minimize Seismic Risk Analysis, a tool is required to calculate and estimate the strong ground motion parameters for possible future earthquakes is the site of interest (Rad, 1388: 78) Assessment of urban vulnerability to earthquakes that need to prepare for disaster response and planning measures has been to improve and develop the program makes clear. In addition to the importance of disaster risk assessment on disaster prevention and awareness, planning and organizing ways to reduce the damage caused by the earthquake in that direction.
Discussion
In this part of the study examines the vulnerability of socio-physical parameters Province Earthquake in Azerbaijan has been using TOPSIS. In order to prioritize and analyze province against damage caused by earthquake, TOPSIS model is used. After data collection and their combination, matrix raw data of each component in the study area is defined where X indicators are studied and A cities The spatial distribution of vulnerability in cities suggests that the city of Urmia in the range of very low vulnerability, Khoy cities mentioned, Bokan and Mahabad in the range of low vulnerability, cities Shahindezh, Salmas, tinsel, Sardasht and round in the middle vulnerability, Counties Maku, tea break and Piranshar Oshnavieh cities, Takab, poldasht and Chalderan are vulnerable, with high and very high.
Conclusion
Social and physical vulnerability of urban areas is the result of social inequalities According to the results of this study, it can be said that cities due to different structures, socio-economic and physical vulnerability to natural hazards are not the same Due to the lack of infrastructure, spatial and attribute data in the country, no accurate assessment of the vulnerability of socio-physical proper zoning and small towns in the earthquake there In this paper, to consider the social factors -Fyzyky and related factors and using multi criteria decision making and GIS, accurate assessment of the vulnerability of socio-physical province of West Azerbaijan done The results show that by using TOPSIS Urmia city as capital of the province, with first place being vulnerable favorable conditions index is too low Counties temper, mentioned, Bokan and Mahabad of low vulnerability, Shahindezh cities, Salmas, tinsel, Sardasht and round the vulnerability average, counties Maku, tea break and Piranshar Oshnavieh cities, Takab, poldasht and Chalderan thus vulnerable to high and very are high The reality is that if the objective is to study the causes of urban vulnerability to natural disasters in developing countries, including our country It must address the root causes of social inequalities, lack of proper planning, population growth and urbanization, we search these communitiesشهرهای امروزی در نقاط مختلف دنیا به دلایل متعدد ازجمله نوع مکان گزینی، توسعه فیزیکی نامناسب، عدم رعایت استانداردهای لازم همواره در معرض خطرات ناشی از بلایای طبیعی قرار دارند. یکی از این خطرات که بسیاری از شهرهای جهان ازجمله کشور ما را تهدید میکند، زمینلرزه است. ایران یکی از زلزلهخیزترین کشورهای دنیا محسوب میشود و شهرهای آن در رابطه با این پدیده طبیعی خسارتهای مالی و جانی زیادی را متحمل شده است. استان آذربایجان غربی نیز بدلیل مجاورت با گسلهای فعالی چون گسل شمال تبریز، پیرانشهر- سلماس، سد مهاباد و گسلهای فعال در کشور ترکیه از این قاعده مستثنی نمیباشد. پژوهش حاضر، توصیفی-تحلیلی با هدف کاربردی میباشد. هدف این تحقیق ارزیابی آسیبپذیری اجتماعی - فیزیکی شهرستانها استان آذربایجان غربی در برابر زلزلههای احتمالی است. برای ارزیابی و رتبهبندی شدت آسیبپذیری از مدل TOPSIS و GIS استفادهشده است. میزان آسیبپذیری اجتماعی شهرستانها در پنج گروه شامل پهنههای آسیبپذیر خیلی کم، کم، متوسط، زیاد و خیلی زیاد تقسیم شد. نتایج پژوهش نشان میدهد که شهرستان ارومیه با میزان تاپسیس87/0از آسیبپذیری خیلی کمی در برابر زلزله بهعنوان مرکز استان برخوردار میباشد و شهرستانهای اشنویه، تکاب، پلدشت و چالدران در معرض آسیبپذیری خیلی زیاد با میزان تاپسیس13/0 قرار دارند.https://urs.ui.ac.ir/article_20155_c176cb2999de7a661e279cb3883146cb.pdfمعاونت پژوهش و فناوری دانشگاه اصفهانمطالعات و پژوهشهای شهری و منطقهای (توقف انتشار)2008-535472720151222Analysis on Geomorphoturism attraction in regional tourism development( case âstudy: Sirjan desert)âتحلیلی بر جاذبه های ژئومورفوتوریسم در توسعه گردشگری منطقه ای ( مطالعه موردی کویر سیرجان)11913620156FAبهناممغانی رحیمیدانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمانمحسنپورخسروانیدانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمانJournal Article20160614 Extended abstract â This research is trying to use the models Pereira
and Reynard to investigate Geomorphotourism potentials of Sirjan desert. The
results show that based on Reynard model geomorphosite of Sirjan desert earns
7.42 of total 17 scores therefore this condition is favorable for tourism
development. The results also
show that based on Pereira model this site earns 13.18Â of total 20 scores and has a high score in order
to develop the tourism.  Introduction  Geomorphotourism can be explained as tourist
attractions based on performance of formative systems at surface that by
creating interesting forms and with aesthetic value, has a great ability in
attracting tourists (Ramesht and Shah Zeydi, 354: 1390). In other words
Geomorphotourism can be defined as the study of special geomorphic landscapes
or Geomorphosites that have scientific, ecological, cultural, economic and
aesthetic values simultaneously (Pereira et al 3 , 159: 2007). Geomorphosites are
geomorphologic landforms that have found scientific, historical, cultural,
aesthetic and socio-economic values by people who take advantage of them
(Shayan et al, 79: 2011). In this regard, this study tries to investigate
tourism potentials of Sirjan desert using models Pereira and Rynard.  Materials and methods   The present
study is based on descriptive and analytical methods depending on field
observations. Then in order to assess Geomorphosites tourist potentials in the
study area, Reynard and Pereira method was used. In Reynard method
Geomorphosites are investigated based on scientific, added and combined values
(Rynard, 2005, 181). In scientific value indices such as protection, scarcity,
being an index and old Geography and in added value indices such as ecological,
aesthetic, economic and cultural (with an emphasis on historical-land index)
are considered (Lugon and colleagues, 2003, 83). In Pereira model
geomorphologic and management values ââassess Geomorphosites ability in tourism
development. Geomorphologic value is calculated by summing up scientific and
complimentary scales. On the other hand, the management value is calculated by
summing up Geomorphosites use and protection scales. Sum of these two values,
management and Geomorphologic, shows Geomorphosites ability to develop tourism.
Generally the closer the result number to 20 is, the more influential in
planning programs for tourism development it will be.  Discussion and Findings   Sirjan
desert with more than 1625 square kilometers of area is one of the largest
deserts in the Isfahan Drainage basin and is located in southwest of Sirjan
city.
The desert is considered as a flat desert with plates of clay. The surface of
the desert is covered with about 68% of clay plates and 32% of salt plates.
Reynard model results show that the scientific, added and combined values
respectively have 2.6, 3.82, 0.99 scores. Pereira model results also show that
among the total 6.68 scores earned by the geomorphologic value, 4.04 is related
to scientific scale and 2.82 is related to the complementary scale. Also the score
obtained by the management value is 6.32 and 5.19 is related to the use scale
and 1.13 is related to the protection scale of Geomorphosites.  Conclusion  The results
show that based on Reynard model 52% of the total mean scores belongs to the
added value and therefore is the most important value in research. And this is
because of the high scores in sub criteria such as economic potential,
historical-land importance, multiplicity of attractions and ecological effects.
After that scientific value with 35% of score is the second important value due
to the high scores in sub criteria such as ââold geography, and being index.
Low score in protection sub criterion reduces the importance of the scientific
value in comparison with the added value. The results indicate that combined
value with 13% of the scores has the least importance in evaluating potentials
of Sirjan desert Geomorphosites due to low scores in sub criteria such as
management method and human and natural threats of Geomorphosites. Based on these results management method sub
criterion with the mean score of 0.01 has the least importance. This indicates
weakness in the protection and promotion management of Geomorphosites. The
results of this model show that the added value with 3.82 of mean scores has
achieved the highest score. After that scientific value with 2.6 of mean scores
and combined value with 0.99 mean scores are respectively in the second and
third place. On the other hand, the results of Geomorphotourism potential
evaluation based on Pereira model shows that geomorphologic value with 6.86 of
mean score has the most score and then
management value with 6.32 of mean score is in the second place. According to
this model, visible sub criterion with a score of 1.5 and aesthetic values ââ
with a score of 1.4 have the most scores among all. The overall results of the
Pereira model suggest that the use scale with 39% of the total score has the
most importance due to the high points in sub criteria such as availability
with 1.37 and visibility with 1.5. The results show that after use scale,
scientific and complimentary scales with a share of 21% of total scores are in
the second place. The protection scale with 9% of the total scores indicates
poor management of this Geomorphosite.به طور کلی فهم و ارئه رابطه بین فرم و فرآیند تاثیر بسزایی در واکنش احساسی و حس زیبا شناختی آن دارد که این هنر خاص ژئومورفولوژی در گردشگری است. این پژوهش سعی دارد با استفاده از مدلهای رینارد و پریرا پتانسیلهای ژئومورفوتوریستی کویر سیرجان را بررسی نماید. نتایج پژوهش نشان میدهد که بر اساس مدل رینارد ژئومورفوسایت کویر سیرجان با کسب 6/2 امتیاز از مجموع 4 امتیاز ارزش علمی، 82/3 امتیاز از مجموع 9 امتیاز ارزش افزوده و یک امتیاز از مجموع 4 امتیاز ارزش ترکیبی وضعیت مناسبی جهت توسعه گردشگری منطقه ای دارد. همچنین نتایج حاکی از آنست که بر اساس مدل پریرا این سایت با کسب 04/4 امتیاز از مجموع 5/5 امتیاز عیار علمی، 82/2 امتیاز از مجموع 5/4 امتیاز عیار مکمل، 19/5 امتیاز از مجموع 7 امتیاز عیار استفاده و 13/1 امتیاز از مجموع 3 امتیاز عیار محافظت در مجموع امتیاز بالایی را در جهت توسعه گردشگری منطقه ای به خود اختصاص داده است. به طور کلی مهمترین ضعف این سایت جهت توسعه گردشگری ضعف مدیریت در حفاظت و ارتقای آن میباشد. به طوریکه در هر دو مدل زیرمعیارهای حفاظت و نحوه مدیریت امتیازهای پایینی را کسب نمودهاند. https://urs.ui.ac.ir/article_20156_91dabb010c81f2332b21893f29db8ac6.pdfمعاونت پژوهش و فناوری دانشگاه اصفهانمطالعات و پژوهشهای شهری و منطقهای (توقف انتشار)2008-535472720151222Spatial Analysis of Housing Situation In Mashhad , With an empasis on Urban Sustainable Development Indicatorsتحلیل فضایی وضعیت مسکن در کلانشهر مشهد، با تأکید بر شاخصهای توسعه پایدار شهری13715420154FAمهدیزنگنهJournal Article20160614Â This study,
in terms of type, Based on a
descriptive-analytical methodology, the following application-development
research aims to measure 68 sustainable development variables of
housing in 13 districts of Mashhad on the basis of social, economic, physical,
accessibility, and environmental criteria. The TOPSIS model, dispersion
coefficient, cluster analysis, and multiple regressions were used to analyze
the data. The results show that TOPSIS score in the combined index (social,
economic, physical, environmental, and accessibility) is 0.41where District 11
and 5 have the best and worst conditions, accordingly. The comparative analysis
of Mashhadâs districts illuminates that there are heterogeneity and divergence
between regions in terms of having sustainable development indices in a way
that, of 13 districts, %13 is ultra-developed, %23.1 highly-developed,
%64.1partially-developed, and %15.4 poorly-developed. According to the multiple
regression analysis, the spatial index, prior to social, accessibility, and
environmental indices, has the most direct impact on achieving sustainable
housing development. 1- Introduction  Iranâs housing programs are more or less based
quantitative aspects and there is no plan for the sustainable development yet.
Obviously, Mashhad suffers from such a lack of planning and it is far away from
achieving different aspects of the sustainable development. For example, there
are 900,000slum dwellers, 58,000 in search of residence, and 3,000 hectares of
old texture within the cityâs span, along with the lack of citywide sewerage
network, population growth, increasing proportion of tenant households,
decrease of housing infrastructures, etc. Given that, it is necessary to study
the social, economic, spatial, and environmental aspects of housing in Mashhad
in terms of the sustainable urban development.  2- Theoretical bases  Urban housing is
the most important element in relation to the sustainable development of the
city, considering it is of great importance because of the housing development
in addition to environmental and social issues affecting the economy and
culture. Therefore, the pursuit of sustainable housing in order to increase and
improve the quality of life of present and future generations is a serious
matter. Today with the growing population's need for housing is growing, so to
achieve sustainable urban development based on sustainable housing can have a
constructive role. Because it can said that half of the land in our cities
allocated to residential use, but unfortunately, in our country buildings,
especially residential buildings built without regard for sustainable urban
development. Sustainable
development of human settlements and housing should be four aspects. Housing must be
environmentally sustainable. Housing must be
economically sustainable. Housing must be
sustainable socially and with regard to the culture of its inhabitants. Housing needs to be
sustainable in terms of physical and consideration of its functions,
infra-developed regions, especially regions 4, 5, 7, 3 should be a priority in
city planning and management, for sustainable development in the context of
social justice formed.  3- Discussion  To measure sustainable development indices of
Mashhadâs districts using the TOPSIS multi-criteria decision-making model, the
spatial structure of districts is analyzed based on social, economic, spatial,
accessibility, and environmental aspects. TOPSIS model results show that, of
accessibility indices, District 1 and 8 with scores of 0.89 and 0.83 and Districts
4 and 12 with scores of 0.20 and 0.14have the best and worst results,
accordingly of social indices, District 8 with 0.7821 and District 4 with
0.052 of economic indices, Districts 9 and 11 (ultra-developed) with 0.68 and
0.64 and District 4 and 5 (poorly-developed) with 0.08 and 0.10 of spatial
indices, District 11 with 0.8823 and District 7 with 0.0329 of environmental
indices, District 12 with 0.9031 and District 6 with 0.0749. Finally, the
consolidation of all five indices together (totally 68 indicators) is set to be
the basis of sustainable housing development levels. Of the consolidated index,
District 11 with the TOPSIS score of 0.8137 and District 5 with 0.0614 have the
best and worst results. Also, using the data from the consolidated index of the
TOPSIS and cluster analysis model, 13 districts of Mashhad were clustered in
four categories. Effective factors in the sustainable housing development of
Mashhad were identified using the multiple regression model. The results
indicated that the five factors of the model explained 78% changes of the
depend variability (of sustainable housing development).  4- Conclusion  * Considering 0.41 as the TOPSIS average score in consolidated
indices (1 is optimum), there are five districts above the average and the
other eight below it which confirms a long path towards fulfilling the
sustainable housing development. * Inequality Coefficient of 0.54 in the
consolidated index combination showsthat the score of 8 districts falls below
the average and 4heterogeneous clusters in the cluster analysis affirm
inequality and imbalance among the districts. * The multiple regression analysis of five indices
of the sustainable development shows that the spatial index, prior to social,
accessibility, and environmental, economic indices, has the most direct impact
on achieving sustainable housing development. * In order to establish a spatial balance as well
as social justice and to achieve the sustainable developmentin Mashhad,
Districts 5, 4, 7, and 3 should be given an undivided attention of the city
policymakers.  5- Suggestions   In developing countries as well as Iran, look
at the scientific community to sustainable development and the slogan should be
changed to culture and sustainable development, not as a theory but as a need
for paying attention to preparing the conditions for the Access to this matter
soon be fulfilled. Develop proper
management at regional level in other urban and rural areas of the province and
neighboring provinces could resolves a large part of the problems of the city.
The key to solving the metropolis alone in the city is the planning and
management of urban and rural areas of the province and outside the province. پژوهش حاضر از نوع، کاربردی _ توسعهای و از نظر روش توصیفی _ تحلیلی و پیمایشی بوده که با هدف سنجش و تحلیل شاخصهای توسعه پایدار مسکن در مناطق 13گانه شهر مشهد انجام گرفته است. تعداد 68 متغیر توسعه پایدار در زمینه مسکن در قالب 5 شاخص اجتماعی، اقتصادی، کالبدی، دسترسی، زیست محیطی مورد سنجش قرار گرفتند و برای تجزیه و تحلیل اطلاعات از مدل تاپسیس و ضریب پراکندگی، تحلیل خوشه ای و رگرسیون چندگانه استفاده شده است. یافته های حاصل از این پژوهش نشان داد که امتیاز تاپسیس در شاخص تلفیقی(اجتماعی، اقتصادی، کالبدی، زیست محیطی و دسترسی) 41/0 بدست آمده که منطقه 11 بهترین وضعیت و منطقه 5 بدترین حالت را دارا بوده است. بررسی تطبیقی مناطق شهر مشهد بیانگر آن است که به لحاظ برخورداری از شاخص های توسعه پایدار در بخش مسکن نوعی عدم تجانس و واگرایی میان مناطق حاکم است به طوریکه از 13 منطقه شهر مشهد 4/15 درصد در سطح برخوردار، 1/23 درصد در سطح نسبتاً برخوردار، 1/64 درصد از مناطق در سطح نیمه برخوردار و 4/15 درصد در سطح کمتر برخوردار قرار گرفته اند. بر اساس مدل رگرسیون چندگانه، بیشترین تأثیر مستقیم در دست یابی به توسعه پایدار مسکن در کلانشهر مشهد مربوط به شاخصهای کالبدی و در مراتب بعدی شاخصهای اجتماعی، دسترسی و زیست محیطی می باشند..https://urs.ui.ac.ir/article_20154_c46492e036a29a5f0770c79ef3883df8.pdfمعاونت پژوهش و فناوری دانشگاه اصفهانمطالعات و پژوهشهای شهری و منطقهای (توقف انتشار)2008-535472720151222Strategic planning for development of rural economy on the LenjanTownship )With an emphasis onentrepreneurship in agroindustries)برنامه ریزی راهبردی توسعه اقتصاد روستایی در شهرستان لنجان (با تأکید بر کارآفرینی در صنایع تبدیلی و تکمیلی)15517820157FAعفتفتحیوزارت علوماصغرنوروزیوزارت علومJournal Article20160614Expanded Abstract
1- Introduction
One of the most important key factors in economy development of a nation is rural areas' economy development. Rural economy development in every region has been depended on the many activities. In this field, agro-industry activities are an important subdivision of agriculture that has an important role in rural economy and the life of villagers has been depended on it. Entrepreneurship is a novel approach in this area. Given the entrepreneurship based on development of various activities is one of the important issues needing logical strategies corresponding to the local potentials, thus complementary and transformative industries have been taken into account as one of the most important complementary activities in agricultural sector that has always traditionally been considered and have a significant role in employment and surplus labor absorption in agriculture sector. Lenjan town, having the highest agricultural potentials, has been one of the most important agricultural centers in Isfahan province. But in spite of this potential, entrepreneurship and rural economic development plans less have been done for agro industries. This research has studied rural economic development based on agro- industries in Lenjan. It shows that how agro-industry activity can play an important role in economic development of local entrepreneurship.
2- Theoretical Approach
"Strategic Planning" is a process by which societies have been conducted based on a realistic evaluation of resources and environment regarding collective collaboration and stakeholders in a long-term. In the concept of "development" it has been stated, the development is not as same as economic growth, but it is a multidimensional process. It is from other concepts of "entrepreneurship". Entrepreneurship is a process that opportunities can be followed by individuals for themselves or for the organization regardless the resources that are controlled by them. The "rural economy" cannot be a fixed definition due to the diverse and changing characteristics and factors.In a definition,the rural economy is containing "all individual and social activities that have been performed in the rural environment to live and make rural material welfare.
3- Discussion
In this paper, field survey has been applied using a cluster-randomized method to complete the sample questionnaire given to 23 farmers, 119 villagers living in the area and 50 experts from related agro-industries. The reliability of applied statistical method in this questionnaire was confirmed by faculty and professionals, and its stability was calculated by Alpha Cronbach's method. Then in the perspective of the participants in the rural economy development and the effects of agro industries in rural areas the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and risks were defined based on SWOT techniques. In order to prioritize strategies and transform qualitative indicators into quantitative ones «removing the scale» method was applied, also to analyze the answers the chi-square and Friedman statistical methods have been used. Regarding the common rule in SWOT analysis to present Macro strategies, if obtained mean from all scores of weaknesses and threats was lesser than opportunities and strengths (WTتوسعه اقتصاد جوامع روستایی یکی از عوامل اصلی و کلیدی توسعه اقتصاد ملّی و کارآفرینی به عنوان رویکردی نوین در این زمینه مطرح است؛ کارآفرینی بر مبنای توسعه فعالیتهای متنوع از مهمترین مواردی است که نیازمند اتخاذ راهبردهای منطقی و متناسب با توانمندیهای محلی می باشد. صنایع تبدیلی و تکمیلی نیز به عنوان یکی از مهمترین صنایع مکمل بخش کشاورزی از دیرباز به صورت سنتی مورد توجه بوده و می تواند نقش قابل توجهی در این ارتباط داشته باشند. شهرستان لنجان به جهت دارا بودن توانهای محیطی بالا در بخش کشاورزی یکی از مهمترین قطبهای کشاورزی در استان اصفهان است، اما برغم داشتن این پتانسیل، برنامه ریزی در جهت استفاده بهینه از منابع کمتر صورت پذیرفته است. در این پژوهش که به لحاظ هدف کاربردی و از نوع مطالعات توصیفی- تحلیلی و مبتنی بر پیمایش است سعی گردید به برنامه ریزی راهبردی توسعه اقتصاد روستایی بر محور کارآفرینی در صنایع تبدیلی و تکمیلی پرداخته شود؛ لذا با استفاده از پرسشنامه محقق ساخته از تعداد192 نفرکشاورز، روستایی و کارشناس مرتبط به عنوان نمونه پرسشنامه تکمیل و برای تجزیه و تحلیل دیدگاه پاسخگویان از آزمونهای خی دو و فریدمن استفاده گردید. در ادامه جهت ارائه راهبرد مناسب به تبیین نقاط قوت، ضعف، فرصت ها و تهدیدها با بهره گیری از تکنیکSWOT پرداخته شده است. بر اساس نتایج حاصل از یافتههای پژوهش، کارآفرینی در صنایع تبدیلی و تکمیلی میتواند نقش قابل توجهی بر اقتصاد روستایی داشته باشد و این تأثیرگذاری به ترتیب در افزایش تولیدات کشاورزی، افزایش درآمد، کاهش مهاجرت، کاهش فاصله طبقاتی، کاهش بیکاری فصلی، افزایش فعالیت اقتصادی زنان و ... است. همچنین براساس میانگین کل امتیازات بدست آمده در مدل سوات، راهبرد مناسب و مطلوب راهبرد تهاجمی است.https://urs.ui.ac.ir/article_20157_96e31dff251c30c2c091f89f04fa9b94.pdfمعاونت پژوهش و فناوری دانشگاه اصفهانمطالعات و پژوهشهای شهری و منطقهای (توقف انتشار)2008-535472720151222Analysis and Investigation of the Dilapidated Fabric in the Selected Urban Regions of Kordistan Province with an Emphasis onتحلیل و ارزیابی بافت فرسوده در نقاط شهری منتخب استان کردستان با تأکید بر مشکلات بخش مسکن17920020149FAاکبرمحمدیدانشگاه تهرانفرشتهحسینیدانشگاه خوارزمیJournal Article201606141- Introdution
The main section of the old texture is related to qualitative and quantitative inadequacies of houses. Numerous factors has resulted in high demotion of qualitative and quantitative situation in these textures such as historical, cultural and economical factors. Whereas the house is addressed as thing further than housing (konap,1982:35). Therfore, the necessity of special glance to insufficiencies and inadequacies of house section in old texture can resulted in solving the great section of insufficiencies of this kind of textures.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the urban old- textures general Practical solutions for decreasing current problems and challenges and also using the potential of these textures to endogenous development. Studied area of old textures are cities including Sanandaj, Saghghez,Ghorveh, Marivan and Baneh as Most populous cities in Kurdistan.
2- Theortical bases
Overal, global theorists of urban old textures have addrssed to present their viewpoints in three poles of culturalism, functionalism and realism (Azizi,1379:38).
Overal, used politics in advanced countries have been (Reconstruction) in 1950s, (Renewal) in 1960s, (Revival) in 1970s, (Redevelopment) in 1980s and from 1990s (Recreation). Also, in developing countries following to advanced countries various actions have been done includings psychology, reformation, the revival of cultural, reformation and development (Poor-Ahmad & Kalantari,1385:26).
3- Disscution
1-3- Determinig the old texture in selected urban points
The scope of various kinds of old texture have been identified in selected cities of kurdistan province as following:
Baneh and Marivan cities have the highest percentage of historical kind from old texture among cities of the pronivce and Sagh-ghez and Ghorveh cities have the most percentage by more than 50 percentage of middle-texture kind from old texture. Also Babeh city by 39/7 percentage of marginal kind of the whole of old texture have the highest percetage from the texture.
2-3- Qualitative and Quantitative chracteristics of house in old texture of selected urban points.
Marivan city has the worst qualitative and quantitative situation and Ghorveh city has the best situation. The residential-refined-population average is 450 persons in hectare in old texture of selected cities and in the whole of scope of selected cities is 395 persons in hectare. This rate is very high in comparison with the population average of 40-yearly-period in country urban points which is equal to 233/3 persons in hectare (Ziari,162:1388).
Achieved per capitas residential is very low relative to per capitas standard and also the lack of residential units is very considerable in existing situation regarding to household standard to residential unit. More than 33 percentage in old texture have destructive and destroyed quality. And only 29/5 percentage have destructive and destroyed quality and 41 percentage have acceptable quality. In the mean time, valuable buildings include lower than 5 percentage in the both scopes.
3-3- Estimating the lack of house in urban texture
3-3-1- Estimating the lack of house by using of household index
In exsisting situation, in the scope of old texture, there are 11171 destructive units and 383 destroyed units that equal to 11554 on the whole. Also, in the whole of urban regions there are 27396 destructive units and 887 destroyed units that faced with the lack of hous, equal to 28283 in exsisting situation totally.
4- conclusion
The part of housing faces with the quality and quantity numerous existing problems so that we see more than 200 in comparison to country-average in housing Net mass index, the Shortage of 28 sq. per a person in residential land Capitation and we observe the 13 percentage difference in household index relative to Housing units. The balance of the shortage of housing unit result from Improvement of household index to housing unit is equivalent to 5609 units and the shortage result from the quality of Ruin and destruction is equivalent to 11554 units in old texture. The study of these indexes show that the whole of the shortage of housing in old-texture of selected cities is equivalent to 18063 units.
5- Proposals
3. The difference in area, Distribution, quantity and quality of buildings and the type of texture appears the necessity of the view according to the qualification of any city. Therefore, we must consider Strategies, policies and proportional administrative plans while paying attention to rehabilitation and reconstruction experiences of old textures in other worlds and in our country either. Rehabilitation and reconstruction of urban old texture can be considered as the main development strategy of intracity in Koordistan province especially in its great cities that they face with the problem of the high shortage of land physical development.بافتهای فرسوده شامل گونههای تاریخی، میانی و دارای اسکان غیر رسمی هستند که در حدود 30 درصد بافتهای شهری با 34 درصد جمعیت شهرنشین نقاط منتخب شهری استان کردستان را شامل میشود. این بافتها با مشکلات متعدد کالبدی، اکولوژیکی، اجتماعی و فرهنگی مواجه هستند که بخش عمده آن ناشی از کیفیت و کمیت نازل مساکن آنها در کنار مشکلات اقتصادی است. در عین حال این بافتها پتانسیلهای مناسبی برای تأمین مسکن در شهرها را فراهم میکنند. توجه به این بافتها در راستای احیاء و توانمندسازی آنها برای حل مشکلات خود این بافتها و نیز راه حلی برای توسعه فیزیکی شهرها با استفاده از توسعه درونی اهمیت حیاتی دارد. این مطالعه به روش تحلیلی ـ توصیفی انجام شده و از نتایج طرحها و مطالعات انجام شده و نیز آمارهای رسمی کشور استفاده شده است. نتایج تحقیق نشان میدهد که 30 درصد بافت شهرهای منتخب با 34 درصد جمعیت شهرنشین جزء بافتهای فرسوده است؛ که در این بافت تنها 30 درصد واحدها از نظر کیفی در رده قابل قبول و از نظر کمی تنها 6/43 درصد در گروه قابل نگهداری قرار دارند. در این بافت تراکم خالص مسکونی 200 نفر در هکتار نسبت به میانگین کشوری بیشتر است.https://urs.ui.ac.ir/article_20149_1fa1e85dd5ae8dd70b6a0ce6d2d75d15.pdf